Today in History Options

[stusson]

Possibly the most important detail of them all!

Jewish day Nisan 14 started @ sundown on our equivalent April 5, and ended @ sundown today

33C.E Jesus falsley tried and sentenced for "crimes against the state" in the early morning hours

9:00 am impalement

3:00 pm death

[mmi16]

33 C.E. ~ Jesus of Nazareth had his last meal with his apostles

and would be executed hours later

We celebrate the events of Easter - which are all based upon Lunar Phases, and thus vary from year to year.

Do we know a specific calender date of the events that created Easter?

[stusson]

We celebrate the events of Easter - which are all based upon Lunar Phases, and thus vary from year to year.

Do we know a specific calender date of the events that created Easter?

The calendar date Nisan 14 Jewish calendar, is the date of the impalement/death of Jesus; the calendar is based on lunar phases and seasonal starts per the equinoxes. Nisan is the first month of the year in that calendar. The Passover was to be 14 days after the appearance of the first full New Moon as apparent over Jerusalem, thus, on the full moon. The night Jesus had his last meal, he was having the Passover Meal, and then proceeded to implement a new arrangement that would replace the Passover going forward.

The body of Jesus was entombed before sundown on 14 Nisan, Sabbath came and went, the next day-first day of the week, the tomb was found opened and the corpse gone.

Easter has trappings of many pagan corruptions (spring rituals, rebirth, fertility rights, etc.), is made to fit into the modern Gregorian calendar, and does not in all years coincide with the true annual date of the death/resurrection of Jesus. This year it happens to do so.

In the recorded words of Jesus, there was never a directive to pointedly memorialize the resurrection, as there was one from him to memorialize the Last Evening Meal and his death.

[mmi16]

The calendar date Nisan 14 Jewish calendar, is the date of the impalement/death of Jesus; the calendar is based on lunar phases and seasonal starts per the equinoxes. Nisan is the first month of the year in that calendar. The Passover was to be 14 days after the appearance of the first full New Moon as apparent over Jerusalem, thus, on the full moon. The night Jesus had his last meal, he was having the Passover Meal, and then proceeded to implement a new arrangement that would replace the Passover going forward.

So -

Does Nisan 14 Jewish calendar have a specific correlation to a date in our Julian calendar?

[stusson]

So -

Does Nisan 14 Jewish calendar have a specific correlation to a date in our Julian calendar?

No, just as Passover and other Jewish holy days do not either. Julian calendar and Jewish calendar are different. Seven times in 19 years, a 13th month was added in the Jewish calender to allow the solar and lunar years to realign. Jewish months were from new moon to new moon; years were seasonal by solar/earth position relativity- you can see the conundrum. This cycle takes into account that every 19 years the new and the full moons fall again on the same days of the solar year.

Also, please see an edit below, I omitted something in relation to the new moon and Nisan 14...

The calendar date Nisan 14 Jewish calendar, is the date of the impalement/death of Jesus; the calendar is based on lunar phases and seasonal starts per the equinoxes. Nisan is the first month of the year in that calendar. The Passover was to be 14 days after the appearance of the first full New Moon closest to the spring equinox as apparent over Jerusalem, thus, on the full moon. The night Jesus had his last meal, he was having the Passover Meal, and then proceeded to implement a new arrangement that would replace the Passover going forward.

The body of Jesus was entombed before sundown on 14 Nisan, Sabbath came and went, the next day-first day of the week, the tomb was found opened and the corpse gone.

Easter has trappings of many pagan corruptions (spring rituals, rebirth, fertility rights, etc.), is made to fit into the modern Gregorian calendar, and does not in all years coincide with the true annual date of the death/resurrection of Jesus. This year it happens to do so.

In the recorded words of Jesus, there was never a directive to pointedly memorialize the resurrection, as there was one from him to memorialize the Last Evening Meal and his death.

[mmi16]

No, just as Passover and other Jewish holy days do not either. Julian calendar and Jewish calendar are different. Seven times in 19 years, a 13th month was added in the Jewish calender to allow the solar and lunar years to realign. Jewish months were from new moon to new moon; years were seasonal by solar/earth position relativity- you can see the conundrum. This cycle takes into account that every 19 years the new and the full moons fall again on the same days of the solar year.

Also, please see an edit below, I omitted something in relation to the new moon and Nisan 14...

So nobody has calculated it back to a Julian date? I find it hard to believe that at the very least an atheist has done the calendar math in concert with the lunar cycles.

[stusson]

So nobody has calculated it back to a Julian date? I find it hard to believe that at the very least an atheist has done the calendar math in concert with the lunar cycles.

The marker chosen for this event was one of a lunar occurence, and the Julian and later the Gregorian calenders are solar oriented; so the annual time of observance as important as this one will ever be noted according to the lunar event so described above. The date of when the event is observed is less critical than the acknowledgement of the directive to observe it according to the pattern established.

Many a mathemetician has attempted convenient working systems to coordinate lunar cycles and solar years, and the numbers of each do not mesh. It has always made me think if counting years was really all that important at all. Knowing what season was at hand throughout any given year seems to me to be sufficient.

[wingsovernc]

The marker chosen for this event was one of a lunar occurence, and the Julian and later the Gregorian calenders are solar oriented; so the annual time of observance as important as this one will ever be noted according to the lunar event so described above. The date of when the event is observed is less critical than the acknowledgement of the directive to observe it according to the pattern established.

Many a mathemetician has attempted convenient working systems to coordinate lunar cycles and solar years, and the numbers of each do not mesh. It has always made me think if counting years was really all that important at all. Knowing what season was at hand throughout any given year seems to me to be sufficient.

I think I understand but can I still be the Moon Goddess?

[wingsovernc]

Historic events on April 7

30 - Scholars' estimate Jesus crucified by Roman troops in Jerusalem
451 - Attila's Hun's plunder Metz
529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (Meaning "A Body of Civil Law," it was a fundamental
work in jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I.

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Justinian 1 as depicted on a mosaic in the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy

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The Corpus Juris Civilis, also called The Code of Justinian

1118 - Pope Gelasius II excommunicated Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
1348 - Prague U, 1st university in central Europe, formed by Charles IV
1456 - Louis van Burbon becomes prince-bishop of Luik
1498 - Crowd storms Savonarola's convent San Marco Florence, Italy
1509 - France declares war on Venice
1521 - Inquisitor-general Adrian Boeyens bans Lutheran books
1521 - Magelhaes' fleet reaches Cebu
1541 - Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies.
1584 - Ieper surrenders to duke Van Parma
1625 - Albrecht von Wallenstein appointed German supreme commander
1645 - Michael Cardozo becomes 1st Jewish lawyer in Brazil
1652 - Dutch establish settlement at Cape Town, South Africa
1655 - Fabio Chigi replaces Pope Innocent X as Alexander VII
1712 - Slave revolt (NYC)
1724 - Johann S Bach's "John Passion" premieres in Leipzig

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Composer Johann Sebastian Bach

1776 - Captain John Barry and the USS Lexington captures the Edward.
1788 - 1st settlement in Ohio, at Marietta
1795 - France adopts the metre as the basic measure of length.
1798 - Mississippi Territory organized
1805 - Premiere of Beethoven's "Eroica" (conducted by himself)
1818 - Gen Andrew Jackson conquers St Marks Fla from Seminole indians

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US President & General Andrew Jackson

1827 - English chemist John Walker invents wooden matches
1831 - Dom Pedro abdicates to son, Dom Pedro II crowned emperor of Brazil
1860 - Grand duke Frederik I liberalizes laws in Bathe
1862 - Grant defeats Confederates at Battle of Shiloh, Tenn, Island #10 falls
1863 - Battle of Charleston SC, failed Federal fleet attack on Fort Sumter
1865 - Battle of Farmville VA
1868 - Thomas D'Arcy McGee, one of the Canadian Fathers of Confederation is assassinated by the Irish, in one of the few Canadian political assassinations, and the only one of a federal politician.
1888 - Start of Sherlock Holmes adventure "Yellow Face" (BG)
1890 - Completion of the first Lake Biwa Canal.
1891 - Nebraska introduces 8 hour work day
1901 - SDAP demands general voting right/abolishing First Chamber
1902 - Texas Oil Company (Texaco) forms
1906 - Act of Algeciras drawn between Moroccan police & banking business
1906 - Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples.
1917 - De Falla's ballet "El Sombrero de tres Picos," premieres in Madrid
1917 - James Barries' "Old Lady Shows Her," premieres in London
1919 - 1st parcel of land is purchased for Cleveland Metroparks
1922 - Naval Reserve #3, "Teapot Dome," leased to Harry F Sinclair
1923 - 1st brain tumor operation under local anesthetic performed (Beth Israel Hospital in NYC) by Dr K Winfield Ney
1923 - Workers Party of America (NYC) becomes official communist party
1926 - Forest fire burns 900 acres & kills 2 (San Luis Obispo California)
1926 - Mussolini's Irish wife breaks his nose
1927 - Using phone lines TV is sent from Wash DC to NYC
1928 - 44-yr old NY Ranger GM Lester Patrick replaces his injured goaltender in a Stanley Cup game, & beats Montreal Maroons 2-1
1931 - Seals Stadium opens in SF
1933 - 1st 2 NAZI anti-Jewish laws, bars Jews from legal & public service
1933 - Prohibition ends, Utah becomes 38th state to ratify 21st Amendment
1933 - University Bridge, Seattle opens for traffic
1934 - In India, Mahatma Gandhi suspended his campaign of civil disobedience
1939 - Italy invades Albania
1940 - 1st black to appear on US stamp (Booker T Washington)

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Education Pioneer Booker Taliaferro Washington

1940 - 7th Golf Masters Championship: Jimmy Demaret wins, shooting a 280
1941 - British generals O'Connor & Neame captured in North Africa
1942 - Heavy German assault on Malta
1943 - Adolf Hitler & Benito Mussolini met for an Axis conference in Salzburg
1943 - British/US troops make contact at Wadi Akarit, South-Tunisia
1943 - Lt colonel Claus von Stauffenberg seriously wounded at allied air raid
1943 - NFL adopts free substitution rule
1944 - General Montgomery speaks to generals about invastion plan
1945 - 1st & last assault of German Rammkommando on US bombers
1945 - US B-17's bombs range at Luneburg
1945 - US planes intercept Japanese fleet heading for Okinawa on a suicide superbattleship Yamato & four destroyers were sunk
1946 - 10th Golf Masters Championship: Herman Keiser wins, shooting a 282
1946 - Part of East Prussia incorporated into Russian SFSR
1946 - Syria's independence from France is officially recognised.
1948 - World Health Organization forms by UN
1948 - A Buddhist monastery burns in Shanghai, China, leaving twenty monks dead.
1949 - "South Pacific" opens at Majestic Theater NYC for 1928 performances
1951 - 15th Golf Masters Championship: Ben Hogan wins, shooting a 280
1951 - American Bowling Congress begins 1st masters tournament
1951 - US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak
1953 - 1st west-to-east jet transatlantic nonstop flight
1953 - Dag Hammarskjoeld of Sweden elected 2nd UN general-secretary
1954 - German government refuses to recognize DDR
1954 - Pres Eisenhower fears "domino-effect" in Indo-China
1954 - WALB TV channel 10 in Albany, GA (NBC/ABC) begins broadcasting
1956 - 10th NBA Championship: Ph Warriors beat Ft Wayne Pistons, 4 games to 1
1956 - Spain relinquishes her protectorate in Morocco
1957 - 21st Golf Masters Championship: Doug Ford wins, shooting a 283
1957 - Last of NY's electric trolleys completes its final run
1958 - Dodgers erect 42-foot screen in left field at LA Coliseum to cut down on home runs, since it is only 250 feet down the line
1959 - Oklahoma ends prohibition, after 51 years
1959 - Radar 1st bounced off Sun, Stanford Calif
1962 - Umrigar slams 172* v WI at Port-of-Spain in 248 minutes
1962 - Yugoslav ex-president Milovan Djilas returns to jail
1963 - 27th Golf Masters Championship: Jack Nicklaus wins, shooting a 286

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Golfer Jack Nicklaus

1963 - Yugoslavia proclaimed a Socialistic republic
1963 - Public stock offering of 115,000 shares in Milwaukee Braves withdrawn after only 13,000 shares are sold to 1,600 new investors
1964 - IBM announces the System/360.
1965 - Bevan Congdon makes a stumping as 12th man NZ v Pakistan
1966 - US recovers lost H-bomb from Mediterranean floor (whoops!)
1967 - Israeli/Syrian border fights
1967 - Tom Donahue, SF dj begins new radio format - Progressive (KMPX-FM)
1968 - Jim Clark, two-time F1 World Champion and winner of the Indianapolis 500, dies in a racing accident during a Formula 2 race at Hockenheim, Germany.
1969 - Dodgers' Bill Singer is credited with 1st official save, against Reds
1969 - Supreme Court strikes down laws prohibiting private possession of obscene material
1969 - Ted Williams begins managing Wash Senators, they lose to Yanks 8-4
1969 - The Internet's symbolic birth date: publication of RFC 1.
1970 - "Effects of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-moon Marigolds," premieres in NYC
1970 - 42nd Academy Awards - "Midnight Cowboy," John Wayne & Maggie Smith win
1970 - Milwaukee Brewers (former Seat Pilots) 1st game, lose to Angels 12-0
1971 - Dismissal of Curt Flood's suit against baseball is upheld by
1971 - Pres Nixon orders lt Calley (Mi Lai) free
1971 - WCJB TV channel 20 in Gainesville, FL (ABC/NBC) begins broadcasting 3-judge US Circuit Court of Appeals
1973 - Cleveland sets day-game & opening-game attendance records of 74,420
1973 - Doug Walters' best Test Cricket bowling, 5-66 v WI Georgetown
1974 - Herb Gardner's "Thieves," premieres in NYC
1976 - Chinese Politburo fires vice-premier Deng Xiaoping
1977 - Consumer Product Safety Comn bans "TRIS" flame-*bleep*ant
1977 - Toronto Blues Jays 1st game, they beat Chicago 9-5
1977 - German Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light.
1978 - Guttenberg bible sold for $2,000,000 in NYC
1978 - Pres Carter defers production of neutron bomb
1978 - US Court of Appeals upholds Commissioner Kuhn's voiding of attempted player sales by A's owner Charlie Finley in June 1976
1979 - Henri La Mothe dives 28' into 12 3/8" of water
1979 - Houston Astro Ken Forsch no-hits Atlanta Braves, 6-0
1979 - Islander's Mike Bossy scores 4 goals against Flyers
1980 - Jimmy Carter breaks relations with Iran during hostage crisis
1981 - Belgium Eyskens government forms
1981 - Willem Klein mentally extracts 13th root of a 100-digit # in 29 sec
1982 - Iran minister of Foreign affairs Ghotbzadeh arrested
1982 - Penguins 1-Isles 8-Preliminary-Isles hold 1-0 lead
1983 - Caps 4-Isles 2-Patrick Div Semifinals-series tied 1-1
1983 - Oldest human skeleton, aged 80,000 years, discovered in Egypt
1983 - STS-6 specialist Story Musgrave & Don Peterson 1st STS spacewalk
1983 - WIBC Championship Tournament in Las Vegas, attracts 75,480 women bowlers for 83-day event
1984 - Detroit Tiger Jack Morris no-hits Chicago White Sox, 4-0
1985 - 14th Nabisco Dinah Shore Golf Championship won by Alice Miller
1985 - 1st live telecast of Easter Parade
1985 - NJ General Hershel Walker runs for USFL record 233 yards
1986 - Wrestlemania II at 3 locations, Hulk Hogan beats King Kong Bundy
1987 - National Museum of Female Physician opens in Wash DC
1987 - Al Campanis, Dodger executive for more than 40 years, resigns, after making racial remarks on "Nightline"
1988 - Devils 3-2 over Isles, 1st round tied 1-1
1988 - Gerrit John Heijns murderer, arrested
1988 - Russia announced it would withdraw its troops from Afghanistan
1988 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1989 - Soviet sub sinks in Norwegian Sea, with about a dozen deaths
1989 - NY Supreme Court takes America's Cup away from SD Yacht Club for using a catamaran against NZ. Appeals court eventually overrules
1990 - BPAA US Open by Ron Palombi Jr
1990 - Farm Aid IV concert
1990 - John Poindexter (Natl Sec Advisor) found guilty on Iran-Contra scandal
1990 - Michael Milken pleads innocent to security law violations
1990 - NY Rangers beat NY Islanders 5-2, Rangers lead 2-0 in preliminary
1990 - Fire kills 110 on a ferry in Norway, in an unrelated event, 30 die in a ferry flip over in Burma
1991 - "Big Love" closes at Plymouth Theater NYC after 41 performances
1991 - "Shadowlands" closes at Brooks Atkinson Theater NYC after 169 perfs
1991 - 3rd Seniors Golf Tradition: Jack Nicklaus
1991 - Chris Johnson wins LPGA Ping/Welch's Golf Championship
1991 - Compton Gamma Ray Observatory orbits Earth
1991 - George Washington Bridge raises toll from $3.00 to $4.00
1991 - Wrestlemania VII scheduled in LA, actually performed 03/24
1992 - Republika Srpska announces its independence.
1993 - Dante Bichette hits the 1st Colo Rockie HR (Shea Stadium NY)
1994 - "Medea" opens at Longacre Theater NYC for 82 performances
1994 - 1st night game at Cleveland's Jacobs Field, Indians 6 Seattle 2
1994 - NY Yankees beat Texas Rangers 18-6
1994 - Singer Percy Sledge pleads guilty to tax evasion
1994 - Vatican acknowledges Holocaust (Nazis killing Jews) for 1st time
1995 - Baseball exhibition season begins late due to strike
1996 - 8th Seniors Golf Tradition: Jack Nicklaus
1996 - Jayasuriya hits fastest ODI fifty off 17 balls v Pak, Singapore
1996 - Kelly Robbins wins Sacramento 12 Bridges LPGA Golf Classic
1996 - Pakistan beat Sri Lanka to win Singer Cup in Singapore
1997 - Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Ft Myers FL on WRXK 96.1 FM
1999 - The World Trade Organisation rules in favor of the United States in its long-running trade dispute with the European Union over bananas.
2001 - Mars Odyssey is launched.
2003 - U.S. troops capture Baghdad; Saddam Hussein's regime falls two days later.
2005 - The Head of government of the Federal District, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, faces an impeachment process at the Mexican Congress.
2009 - Former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori is sentenced to 25 years in prison for ordering killings and kidnappings by security forces.

[mmi16]

The marker chosen for this event was one of a lunar occurence, and the Julian and later the Gregorian calenders are solar oriented; so the annual time of observance as important as this one will ever be noted according to the lunar event so described above. The date of when the event is observed is less critical than the acknowledgement of the directive to observe it according to the pattern established.

Many a mathemetician has attempted convenient working systems to coordinate lunar cycles and solar years, and the numbers of each do not mesh. It has always made me think if counting years was really all that important at all. Knowing what season was at hand throughout any given year seems to me to be sufficient.

Yet we put a exact date (no matter how flawed that assignment may be) on his birth - but no exact calender date on his death and resurrection. Hypocritical to my way of thinking.

[wingsovernc]

Yet we put a exact date (no matter how flawed that assignment may be) on his birth - but no exact calender date on his death and resurrection. Hypocritical to my way of thinking.

I just posted the history and now it's completely lost again. Why don't
you guys try the complaint thread or better yet...begin an 'Extended
discussion' thread. I'm actually thinking of opening one myself.

[stusson]

I think I understand but can I still be the Moon Goddess?

Do you want to enter your request at Corrupt a Wish?

[wingsovernc]

Do you want to enter your request at Corrupt a Wish?

Already entered my request there...can't we just vote on it, with only the
members present voting? Lessee, I vote yes and if you agree...that'll
be a clean sweep!

[wingsovernc]

Historical events on April 8

217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is assassinated (and succeeded) by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
1093 - The new Winchester Cathedral is dedicated by Walkelin.
1139 - Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated.
1149 - Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.
1195 - Alexius III Angelus drives out brother Isaak II as Byzantine emperor
1271 - In Syria, sultan Baybars conquers the Krak of Chevaliers.
1341 - Francesco Petrarca crowned in Rome
1378 - Bartolomeo Prignano elected as Pope Urban VI
1455 - Alfonso de Borgia elected as Pope Callistus III
1500 - Battle at Novara: King Louis XII beats duke Ludovico Sforza
1513 - Explorer Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain
1716 - Duke Karel Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin signs covenant with Russia & marries Czar Peter the Great's niece
1730 - 1st Jewish congregation in US forms synagogue, "Shearith Israel, NYC"
1759 - British troops chase French out of Masulipatam India
1766 - 1st fire escape patented, wicker basket on a pulley & chain
1767 - Ayutthaya kingdom falls to Burmese invaders.
1781 - Premiere of Mozart's violin sonata K379
1783 - Catharina II of Russia annexes the Krim
1789 - House of Representives 1st meeting
Classical music prodigy Mozart 1801 - Soldiers riot in Bucharest, kill 128 Jews
1802 - French Protestant church becomes state-supported & -controlled
1808 - The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore was promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown (now Louisville) by Pope Pius VII.
1820 - The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Melos.
1832 - Charles Darwin begins trip through Rio de Janeiro
1838 - Steamship "Great Western" maiden voyage (Bristol England to NYC)
1848 - 1st battle at Gioto: Sardinia-Piemonte beats Austrians
1848 - Battle at Xaquixaguana, Peru: Pedro de la Gasca beats Gonzalo Pizarro
1861 - US mint at Dahlonega, Georgia seized by confederacy
1862 - John D Lynde patents aerosol dispenser
1864 - Battle of Mansfield, La Federals routed by Gen Richard Taylor
1866 - Italy and Prussia ally against Austria-Hungary.
1869 - American Museum of Natural History opens (NYC)
1876 - Amiliare Ponchielli's opera "La Gioconda," premieres in Milan
1879 - Khedive Ismael of Egypt fires French/British ministers
Naturalist Charles Darwin 1879 - Milk was sold in glass bottles for 1st time
1886 - William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.
1893 - The Critic reports that ice cream soda is our national drink
1898 - Battle of Atbara River, Anglo-Egyptian forces crush 6,000 Sudanese
1904 - Gr Brit & France sign Cordial Entente concerning colonial matter
1904 - British mystic Aleister Crowley transcribes the first chapter of the Book of the Law.
1908 - Lord Asquith succeeds Henry Campbell-Bannerman as British premier
1912 - Steamers collide in Nile, drowning 200
1913 - 17th amendment, requiring direct election of senators, ratified
1913 - Opening of China's 1st parliament takes place in Peking (now Beijing)
1914 - US & Colombia sign a treaty concerning Panama Canal Zone
1916 - Norway approves active & passive female suffrage
1916 - In Corona, California, racecar driver Bob Burman crashes, killing three and badly injuring five spectators.
1920 - LONGA soccer team forms in Tilburg
1929 - Indian Independence Movement: At the Delhi Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw handouts and bombs to court arrest.
1931 - "White Horse Inn" opens in London
1931 - Dmitri Sjostakovitch' ballet "The Arrow," premieres
1933 - Manchester Guardian warns of unknown nazi terror
1935 - 2nd Golf Masters Championship: Gene Sarazen wins, shooting a 282
1935 - Bartoks 5th String quartet premieres in Wash DC
1935 - Works Progress Administration approved by Congress
1939 - ACV soccer team forms in Axes
1939 - King Zog I of Albania, flees
1940 - Germany battle cruisers sink British aircraft carrier Glorious
1941 - Joe Louis TKOs Tony Musto in 9 for heavyweight boxing title
1942 - A Schoenberg & Tudor's ballet "Pillar of Fire," premieres in NYC
1943 - Hakuun Yasutani Roshi, founder of Sanbo Kyodan, receives dharma
1943 - Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya convicted of involvement with Mau Mau
1943 - Stanley Cup: Detroit Red Wings sweep Boston Bruins in 4 games
32nd US President Franklin Roosevelt 1943 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases to common carriers and public utilities.
1945 - Nazi occupiers executed, Nazi general Christiansen flees Netherlands
1946 - League of Nations assembles for last time
1947 - Largest recorded sunspot (7,000) observed
1948 - Soen Nakagawa & Nyogen Senzaki (Zen teachers) meet in SF
1950 - "Miss Liberty" closes at Imperial Theater NYC after 308 performances
1952 - Pres Truman seizes steel mills to avert a strike
1953 - Dag Hammarskjoeld chosen as secretary-general of UN
1954 - "By the Beautiful Sea" opens at Majestic Theater NYC for 270 perfs
1956 - 20th Golf Masters Championship: Jack Burke Jr wins, shooting a 289
1956 - 6 marine recruits drown during exercise at Paradise Is SC
1956 - M Bandaranaike's People's front wins election in Ceylon
1960 - Neth & Germany sign accord concerning war casualties
1961 - "Show Girl" closes at Eugene O'Neill Theater NYC after 100 perfs
1961 - British liner "Dara" explodes in Persian Gulf, kills 236
1962 - Accords of Evian (Algeria) accepted by referendum in France
1963 - 35th Academy Awards - "Lawrence of Arabia," A Bancroft & G Peck win
1963 - Tigers claim young pitcher Denny McLain from the White Sox for $25,000
1964 - Unmanned Gemini 1 launched
1966 - AFL chooses 36 year old Al Davis as commissioner
1966 - Leonid Brezhnev elected secretary-general of communist party
1966 - OAO 1, 1st orbiting astronomical observatory, launched
1968 - 40th Academy Awards postponed to Apr 10th due to death of M L King
1968 - Baseball's Opening Day is postponed because of M L King assassination
1968 - Czechoslovakia Cernik government forms
1968 - New socialist constitution of East Germany takes effect
1968 - WKPI TV channel 22 in Pikeville, KY (PBS) begins broadcasting
1969 - 1st Baseball game in Canada - Mont Expos beats NY Mets 10-9
1969 - Expansion teams Royals, Expos, Padres & Pilots win their 1st games
1970 - "Cry for Us All" opens at Broadhurst Theater NYC for 8 performances
1970 - Senate rejects Nixon's nomination of Carswell to Supreme Court
1971 - 1st legal off-track betting system begins (OTB-New York)
1972 - Alvin Kallicharran scores 100* in his 1st Test Cricket innings v NZ
1973 - Thirty-two terrorist bombings in Cyprus take place.
1974 - Discovery Island opens
Baseball Player Hank Aaron 1974 - Hammerin' Hank Aaron hits 715th HR, breaks Babe Ruth's record
1975 - 47th Academy Awards - "Godfather II," Ellen Burstyn & Art Carney win
1975 - Frank Robinson debuts as 1st black baseball mgr (Cleve, beats NY 5-3)
1977 - Israel premier Rabin resigns
1979 - "Carmelina" opens at St James Theater NYC for 17 performances
1979 - 204th & final episode of "All in the Family"
1979 - 8th Colgate Dinah Shore Golf Championship won by Sandra Post
1979 - People's Republic of China joins IOC
1980 - Islander Potvin's 2 shorthanded goals tie NHL record vs Kings & set NHL rec of 2 shorthanded playoff goals in 1 period
1981 - Islanders scored 9 goals against Toronto in playoffs
1982 - Penguins 2-Isles 4-Preliminary-Isles hold 2-0 lead
1982 - Tracy Caulkins, 19, wins her 36th US swimming title
1984 - 13th Nabisco Dinah Shore Golf Championship won by Juli Inkster
1984 - 4th Golden Raspberry Awards: Lonely Lady wins
1985 - "Leader of the Pack" opens at Ambassador Theater NYC for 120 perfs
1985 - Amdahl releases UTS/V, 1st mainframe Unix
1985 - India files suit against Union Carbide over Bhopal disaster
Actor Clint Eastwood 1986 - Clint Eastwood elected mayor of Carmel California, Make his day
1989 - 1-handed pitcher Jim Abbott debut but lasts only 4 2/3 inn
1989 - Entertainment Tonight's Mary Hart marries producer Burt Sugarman
1990 - "Aspects of Love" opens at Broadhurst Theater NYC for 377 performances
1990 - "Twin Peaks" with Peggy Lipton premieres on ABC-TV
1990 - 54th Golf Masters Championship: Nick Faldo wins, shooting a 278
1990 - King Birendra of Nepal lifts 30-year ban on political parties
1990 - Kris Monaghan wins LPGA Red Robin Kyocera Inamori Golf Classic
1990 - Norwegian Scandinavian Star catches fire; about 170 die
1990 - New Democracy wins the national election in Greece.
1991 - "I Hate Hamlet" opens at Walter Kerr Theater NYC for 88 performances
1991 - Jockey, Bill Shoemaker, paralyzed in a car accident
1991 - Major league umpires & baseball reach a 4-year agreement
1991 - Michael Landon announces he has inoperable cancer of pancreas
1991 - Oakland A's stadium becomes 1st outdoor arena to ban smoking
1992 - "5 Guys Named Moe" opens at Eugene O'Neill Theater NYC for 445 perfs
1992 - After 151 years Britain's "Punch Magazine" final issue
1993 - Indians' Carlos Baerga is 1st to switch hit HRs in same inn (vs Yanks)
1993 - STS-56 (Discovery) launches into orbit
1994 - Atlanta Brave Kent Mercker no-hits Dodgers, 6-0
Baseball Player Darryl Strawberry 1994 - Darryl Strawberry enters Betty Ford clinic
1994 - Japans premier Morihiro Hosokawa resigns
1994 - Smoking banned in Pentagon & all US military bases
1995 - BPAA US Open won by Dave Husted
1995 - Oliver McCall beats Larry Holmes in 12 for heavyweight boxing title
1996 - Bruce Seldon TKOs Tony Tucker in 7 to win vacated WBA boxing title
1997 - Microsoft Corp releases Internet Explorer 4.0
1997 - STS 83 (Columbia 22), lands
1999 - Haryana Gana Parishad, a political party in the Indian state of Haryana, merges with the Indian National Congress.
2000 - Nineteen Marines are killed when a V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft crashes near Marana, Arizona.
2004 - Darfur conflict: The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups.
2004 - U.S. National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice testifies before the 9/11 Commission.
2006 - Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Ontario, Canada. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos motorcycle gang.
2008 - The construction of the world's first building to integrate wind turbines completes, in Bahrain.

[wingsovernc]

Historic events on April 9

193 --Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans).
475 - Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.
715 - Constantine ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1241 - Battle of Liegnitz - Mongol armies defeat Poles & Germans
1388 - Battle of Näfels; Glarius Swiss defeat Habsburg (Austrian) army
1413 - Henry V is crowned King of England.
1440 - Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark.
1454 - Milan/Venice signs peace of Lodi
1474 - Breisach land guardian Peter von Hagenbach throws out Walloon/Italians
1483 - Edward I (12) succeeds Edward IV as king of England
1538 - Danish king Christian III enters Schmalkaldische Union
1555 - Marcello Cervini elected Pope Marcellus II
1609 - Spain & Netherlands sign 12 Year Resistant Pact
1621 - Spain & Netherlands 12 Year Resistant Pact ends
1667 - 1st public art exhibition (Palais-Royale, Paris)
1682 - Robert La Salle claims lower Mississippi (Louisiana) for France
1691 - French troops occupy Mons
1724 - 1st Easter [NS=April 16]
1783 - Tippu Sahib drives out English from Bednore India
1808 - Mayor Wolters offers French king Louis Napoleon townhall as a palace
1814 - Elias Canneman (L) resigns as minister of Finance
1816 - African Methodist Episcopal Church organizes (Phila)
1829 - Danzig (Gdansk) dike break flood kills 1,200
1831 - Robert Jenkins loses an ear, starts war between Britain & Spain
1833 - 1st tax-supported public library (Peterborough, NH)
1838 - National Gallery re-opens in its new dedicated building in Trafalgar Square London
1864 - Battle of Pleasant Hill LA, 2870 casualities
US President Ulysses S. Grant 1865 - General Robert E Lee and 26,765 troops, surrender at Appomattox Court House in Virginia to US Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant
1865 - General Robert E Lee and 26,765 troops, surrender at Appomattox Court House in Virginia to US Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant
1866 - Civil Rights Bill passes over Pres Andrew Johnson's veto
1869 - Hudson Bay Company cedes it's territory to Canada
1870 - American Anti-Slavery Society dissolves
1872 - Samuel R Percy patents dried milk
1894 - 1st performance of Anton Bruckner's 5th Symphony in B in Graz
1906 - 3˝th modern Olympic games opens in Athens (4/22 NS)
1909 - The U.S. Congress passes the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act.
1912 - 1st exhibition baseball game at Fenway Park (Red Sox vs Harvard)
1912 - Titanic leaves Queenstown Ireland for NY
1913 - Brooklyn Dodger's Ebbets Field opens, Phillies win 1-0
1914 - "World, the Flesh & the Devil," 1st color film, shown in London
1914 - 1st full color film shown "World, Flesh & Devil" (London)
1914 - Tampico incident - US ship crew arrested in Mexico
Confederate General Robert E Lee 1917 - Battle of Arras begins
1917 - Vimy Ridge France stormed by Canadian troops
1918 - Latvia proclaims independence
1923 - Sean O'Casey's "Shadow of a Gunman," premieres in Dublin
1925 - Babe Ruth rushed to hospital
1927 - Italy & US anarchists Sacco & Vanzetti given death sentences
1928 - Eugene O'Neill's "Lazarus Laughed," premieres in Pasadena
1928 - Mae West's NYC debut in a daring new play "Diamond Lil"
1928 - Top-Oss soccer team forms in Oss
1928 - Turkey passes separation of church & state
1931 - Chicago Cy Wentworth beats Mont Canadiens at 13:50 of 6th period
1932 - Stanley Cup: Toronto Maple Leafs sweep NY Rangers in 3 games
1935 - Stanley Cup: Montreal Maroons sweep Toronto Maple Leafs in 3 games
1939 - Marian Anderson sings before 75,000 at Lincoln Memorial
1940 - German cruiser Blucher torpedoed/capsizes in Oslofjord, 1,000 die
Baseball Great Babe Ruth 1940 - Germany invades Norway & Denmark during WW II (Denmark surrenders)
1941 - PGA establishes Golf Hall of Fame
1942 - Battle of Bataan-US-Filipino forces overwhelmed by Japs at Bataan
1944 - Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Orientals Ecclesiae
1945 - Battleship Admiral Scheer sunk by RAF bombing in Kiel
1945 - Liberty ship at Bari Italy carrying aerial bombs explodes, kills 360
1945 - NFL requires players to wear long stockings
1945 - World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
1946 - Stanley Cup: Montreal Canadiens beat Boston Bruins, 4 games to 1
1947 - Atomic Energy Commission confirmed
1947 - Baseball suspends Bkln Dodger Leo Durocher for 1 year
1947 - Tornadoes striking West Texas & Oklahoma kill 169, injuring 1,300
1948 - Massacre at Deir Yassin.
1949 - UN Intl Court of Justice held Albania responsible for incidents in Corfu Channel & awards Britain damages
1950 - 14th Golf Masters Championship: Jimmy Demaret wins, shooting a 283
1950 - 4th Tony Awards: Cocktail Party & South Pacific win
1950 - Bob Hope's 1st TV appearance
1952 - Popular uprising in Bolivia
1952 - Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines
1953 - "TV Guide" publishes 1st issue
1953 - Jomo Kenyatta sentenced to 7 years in Kenya
1953 - Warner Brothers premieres the first 3-D film, entitled House of Wax.
1954 - WECT TV channel 6 in Wilmington, NC (NBC/CBS) begins broadcasting
1955 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1957 - Howard Hanson's "Song of Democracy," premieres in Wash DC
1957 - Suez Canal cleared for all shipping
1959 - Balt Orioles pull their 2nd triple play (3-6-3 vs Wash Senators)
1959 - Bill Sharman hits a NBA record 56 consecutive foul shot
1959 - NASA names 1st 7 astronauts for Project Mercury
1959 - 13th NBA Championship: Bost Celtics sweep Minn Lakers in 4 games Boston Celtics wins 8th straight title
1960 - 14th NBA Championship: Bost Celtics beat St Louis Hawks, 4 games to 3
1960 - South African premier Verwoerd wounded in battle
1962 - 26th Golf Masters Championship: Arnold Palmer wins, shooting a 280
1962 - 34th Academy Awards - "West Side Story," Sophia Loren & Max Schell win
1962 - JFK throws out 1st ball at Washington's new DC Stadium
1963 - Winston Churchill becomes 1st honorary US citizen (posthumously)
1965 - Beatles "Ticket to Ride" is released in UK
1965 - India & Pakistan engage in border fight
1965 - 1st game at Astrodome, Houston beats Yankees 2-1 in exhibition as Mickey Mantle hits 1st indoor homerun
1966 - Anaheim Stadium for California Angels opens
1966 - Sophia Loren marries married Carlo Ponti in Paris
1967 - "At the Drop of Another Hat" closes at Booth NYC after 105 perfs
1967 - 1st Boeing 737 rolls out
1967 - 31st Golf Masters Championship: Gay Brewer Jr wins, shooting a 280
1967 - Shortwave broadcaster Radio NY Worldwide's transmitter burns down
1967 - The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.
1968 - German DR adopts constitution
Clergyman and civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr, 1968 - Martin Luther King Jr, buried in Atlanta
1968 - Minn's Wayne Connelly is 1st to score on a Stanley Cup penalty shot
1968 - Ralph Aberbathy elected to head So Christian Leadership Conference
1969 - 1st flight of Concorde 002 (Filton-Bristol)
1969 - Chic Cub Billy Williams hits 4 consecutive doubles beat Phillies 11-3
1970 - Paul McCartney announces official split of Beatles
1971 - Ringo releases "It Don't Come Easy" in UK
1972 - "Sugar" opens at Majestic Theater NYC for 506 performances
1972 - 36th Golf Masters Championship: Jack Nicklaus wins, shooting a 286
1972 - Glenn Turner (259) & Terry Jarvis make 387 opening cricket stand v WI
1972 - USSR & Iraq sign friendship treaty
1973 - 37th Golf Masters Championship: Tommy Aaron wins, shooting a 283
1973 - Netherlands recognizes North Vietnam
1973 - Otto Kerner, former governor of Illinois, convicted for his role in an illegal racetrack scheme
1974 - Padres owner Ray Kroc, addresses fans "Ladies & gentlemen, I suffer with you I've never seen such stupid baseball playing in my life"
Golfer Jack Nicklaus 1976 - US & Russia agreed on size of nuclear tests for peaceful use
1977 - Communist party in Spain allowed legally after 40 years
1978 - 42nd Golf Masters Championship: Gary Player wins, shooting a 277
1978 - Brewers sweep Orioles 11-3, 16-3, & 13-5 (each with a grand slam)
1978 - David Thompson scores ties 3rd highest total in the NBA - 73
1978 - Denver's David Thompson scores 73 points & San Antonio's George Gervin scores 63 points in separate NBA games (33 in 1 quarter)
1979 - 51st Academy Awards - "Deer Hunter," Jon Voight & Jane Fonda win
1979 - Longest doubles ping-pong match of 101 hrs, begins
1980 - Belgium's Marten's government resigns
1980 - Kings tie NHL rec with 2 shorthanded playoff goals in a pd vs Isles
1980 - Soyuz 35 carries 2 cosmonauts to Salyut 6
1981 - LA Dodgers Fernando Valenzuela's 1st start, beats Astros 2-0
1981 - US sub George Washington rams Japanese freighter Nisso Maru
1982 - LA Lakers block 21 Denver shots setting NBA regulation game record
1983 - 6th Space Shuttle Mission-Challenger 1 returns to Earth
1983 - Caps 2-Isles 6 -Patrick Semis-Denis Potvin fails on penalty shot
1984 - 56th Academy Awards - "Terms of Endearment," R Duvall & S Maclaine win
1985 - White Sox pitcher Tom Seaver starts a record 15th opening day game
1986 - "Dallas" announces it will revive killed Bobby Ewing character
NHL all-time top scorer Wayne Gretzky 1987 - For 3rd time, Wayne Gretzky, scores 7 goals in a Stanley Cup game Wayne Gretzky passes Jean Beliveau as all time playoff scoring champ
1988 - "Les Miserables," opens at Umeda-Koma Theatre, Osaka
1988 - Devils 3-0 over Islanders-Devils lead 2-1 in 1st round
1988 - US imposes economic sanctions on Panama
1989 - 53rd Golf Masters Championship: Nick Faldo wins, shooting a 283
1989 - Mike Tyson strikes a parking attendant when asked to move his car
1989 - Patti Rizzo wins LPGA Red Robin Kyocera Inamori Golf Classic
1989 - Rickey Henderson steals his 800th career base in NY's 4-3 loss to Clev
1989 - Scott Hoch chokes on 18 inch putt & loses Masters golf tournament
1989 - Wash DC march supporting 1973 Roe vs Wade decision (allow abortions)
1990 - "Capital News" starring Lloyd Bridges premieres on ABC-TV
1990 - Don Mattingly signs a $19.7 million 5-year contract with Yankees
1990 - NY Islanders beat NY Rangers 4-3 in double overtime-Rangers lead 2-1
1990 - World's largest bunny hop at Radio City Music Hall (NYC)
1991 - Georgia SSR votes to secede from USSR
1992 - "Redwood Curtain" opens at Neiderlander theater on Broadway
1992 - Florida drops rape charges against NY Mets Gooden, Boston & Coleman
1992 - John Majors, © elected PM of England
1992 - Noriega convicted on 8 of 10 drug & racketeering charges
1992 - Record 18 golfers shoot in 60s in Masters round 1 (old record 12)
1992 - US Fed court finds Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drugs
1992 - William O Studeman, becomes deputy director of CIA
1993 - Colorado Rockies 1st home game & 1st victory, 11-4 over Mont Expos
1994 - BPAA US Open by Justin Hromek
1994 - STS-59 (Endeavour) launches into orbit
1994 - Singer Wayne Newton (52) weds attorney Kathleen McCrone (30)
1995 - "Translations" closes at Plymouth Theater NYC after 25 performances
1995 - 59th Golf Masters Championship: Ben Crenshaw wins, shooting a 274
1997 - Cleve Indians closer Jose Mesa found guilty of rape
1997 - Major League Soccer announces Miami & Chicago expansion
1997 - NFL announces it will give $3M to CFL & possible "World Classic Bowl"
1999 - Ibrahim Baré Maďnassara, President of Niger, is assassinated.
2000 - 64th Golf Masters Championship:
2002 - The funeral of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother at Westminster Abbey.
2003 - Baghdad falls to U.S. forces resulting in widespread looting
2005 - His Royal Highness Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles.
2011 - A gunman murdered five people, injured eleven, and committed suicide in a mall in the Netherlands.

[wingsovernc]

Historic events for April 10

837 - Comet 1P/837 F1 (Halley) approaches within 0.0334 AUs of Earth
847 - St Leo IV begins his reign as Catholic Pope
879 - Louis III, crowned King of France
879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks.
1407 - the lama Deshin Shekpa visits the Ming Dynasty capital at Nanjing. He is awarded with the title Great Treasure Prince of Dharma.
1500 - France captures duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan
1512 - Pope Julius II opens 5th Council of Lateranen
1516 - 1st ghetto, Jews are compelled to live in specific area of Venice
1552 - Henri II of France occupies Metz
1589 - Spanish troops conquer Geertruidenberg
1656 - Dutch fleet occupiers Colombo Ceylon
1694 - Duke Victor Amadeus of Savoye attacks Casale
1710 - The first law regulating copyright is issued in Great Britain.
1739 - Dick Turpin executed in England for horse stealing
1741 - Prussians defeat Austrians at Mollwitz
1741 - War of the Austrian Succession: Prussia defeats Austria in the Battle of Mollwitz.
1790 - Robert Gray is 1st American to circumnavigate the Earth
1790 - US Patent system forms
1815 - Austria declares war on realm of Naples
1816 - 2nd Bank of US chartered
1821 - Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is hanged by the Turks from the main gate of the Patriarchate and his body is thrown into the Bosphorus.
1825 - 1st hotel in Hawaii opens
1825 - Nicaraguan constituent assembly meets at Leon
1826 - The 10,500 inhabitants of the Greek town Messolonghi start leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces. Very few of them survive.
1835 - Charles Darwin returns to Santiago, Chile

 charles_darwin.jpg ( 14.18K ) Number of downloads: 0

Naturalist Charles Darwin

1841 - NY "Tribune" begins publishing under editor Horace Greeley
1845 - More than 1,000 buildings damaged by fire in Pittsburgh Pa
1849 - Safety pin patented by Walter Hunt (NYC); sold rights for $100
1856 - The Theta Chi Fraternity is founded at Norwich University.
1858 - The original Big Ben, a 14.5 tonne bell for the Tower of London is cast in Stockton-on-Tees by Warner's of Cripplegate. This however cracked during testing and was recasted into the 13.76 tonne bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry and is still in use to date.
1863 - Rebel Gen Earl Van Dorn attacks at Franklin, Tenn
1864 - Austrian Archduke Maximilian becomes emperor of Mexico
1865 - At Appomattox, Gen Lee issues Gen Order #9, his last
1866 - American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) forms
1868 - 1st performance of John Brahms' "Ein german Requiem"
1868 - Brits defeat King of Abyssinia at Magdala
1869 - Congress increases number of Supreme Court judges from 7 to 9
1869 - José Martí founds the Cuban Revolutionary Party.
1871 - William Hammond Hall's maps & surveys of Golden Gate Park accepted
1872 - 1st National black convention meets in New Orleans
1872 - Arbor day 1st celebrated in Nebraska, later changed to Apr 22
1874 - The first Arbor Day is celebrated in Nebraska.
1877 - 1st human cannonball act performed in London
1877 - Federal troops withdrawn from Columbia SC
1878 - California St Cable Car RR Co starts service
1882 - Matson founds his shipping company (San Francisco & Hawaii)
1884 - US Senate accepts Belgian administration of Congo
1887 - President Abraham Lincoln's re-buried with his wife in Springfield Il

 abraham_lincoln.jpg ( 15.4K ) Number of downloads: 0

US President Abraham Lincoln

1887 - Soccer team Be Quick forms in Hairs Groningen
1896 - Spiridon Louis wins 1st Olympic marathon (2:58:50)
1912 - RMS Titanic sets sail for its 1st & last voyage
1913 - Pres Woodrow Wilson throws out 1st ball, Senators beat Yankees 2-1
1913 - Walter Johnson begins string of 56 consecutive scoreless innings
1916 - 1st professional golf tournament held
1916 - The Professional Golfers Association of America (PGA) is created in New York City.
1917 - Munition factory explosion at Eddystone PA, kills 133 workers
1919 - Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead by government forces in Morelos.
1923 - Hitler demands "hatred & more hatred" in Berlin
1924 - Tubular steel golf club shafts approved for championship play
1925 - Czarina re-christened Stalingrad (now Volgograd)
1925 - Scribners publishes "The Great Gatsby" by F Scott Fitzgerald
1930 - George Headley scores 223 v England at Kingston
1930 - Synthetic rubber 1st produced
1932 - Paul von Hindenburg elected 1st German president (Hitler is 2nd)
1934 - Stanley Cup: Chicago Blackhawks beat Detroit Red Wings, 3 games to 1
1935 - Vaughan Williams' 4th Symphony premieres in London
1936 - 200" mirror blank arrives in Pasadena
1938 - 2nd government of Blum replaced by Daladier government in France
1938 - Austria becomes a state of Germany
1938 - NY makes syphilis test mandatory in order to get a marriage license
1939 - Colijn's Dutch government opens camp Westerbork for German Jews
1939 - Grens mobilization due to Italian invasion in Albania
1940 - Vidkun Quisling forms Norwegian "national government"
1941 - German troops conquer Libyan county Cyrenaica
1942 - Cigarettes & candy rationed in Holland
1943 - 12 Jewish patients of Herren Loo-Lozenoord escape nazis
1943 - General Montgomery occupies Sfax Tunisia
1944 - "Patrolling the Ether" is shown on 3 TV stations simultaneously
1944 - Soviet forces liberate Odessa from Nazis
1945 - Allies liberate 1st Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald (Czech)
1945 - Canadian troops conquer Deventer
1945 - General Blaskowitz becomes nazi leader of "Fort Holland"
1945 - German troops attack Ijsselbrug
1945 - NFL's Boston Yanks & Brooklyn Tigers merge
1945 - US troops land on Tsugen Shima Okinawa
1945 - US troops liberate Nazi concentration camp at Buchenwald, Germany
1945 - William Schuman & Antony Tudors ballet premieres in NYC
1946 - 1st election for Japanese Diet
1947 - Jackie Robinson becomes 1st black in major league baseball (Dodgers)
1947 - King Frederik IX of Denmark crowned
1948 - Jewish Hagana repels an Arab attack on Mishmar HaEmek
1949 - 13th Golf Masters Championship: Sam Snead wins, shooting a 282
1953 - "House of Wax," 1st 3-D movie, released (NYC)
1953 - 7th NBA Championship: Minneapolis Lakers beat NY Knicks, 4 games to 1
1954 - KRGV TV channel 5 in Weslaco, TX (ABC) begins broadcasting
1955 - 19th Golf Masters Championship: Cary Middlecoff wins, shooting a 279
1955 - 9th NBA Championship: Syrac Nats beat Ft Wayne Pistons, 4 games to 3
1955 - Dr Jonas Salk successfully tests Polio vaccine
1955 - Ruth Ellis shoots jilting lover David Blakely
1956 - Philips broadcasts 1st Dutch color TV programs
1956 - Stanley Cup: Montreal Canadiens beat Detroit Red Wings, 4 games to 1
1957 - John Osborne's "Entertainer," premieres in London
1957 - Jordanian government of Naboelsi resigns
1957 - Suez canal reopens for all traffic
1957 - USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test
1958 - Northern strip of Spanish Sahara ceded to Morocco
1959 - Japan's Crown Prince Akihito marries commoner Michiko Shoda
1960 - 24th Golf Masters Championship: Arnold Palmer wins, shooting a 282
1960 - Betsy Rawls wins LPGA Babe Didrikson-Zaharias Golf Open
1960 - Senate passes landmark Civil Rights Bill
1961 - 25th Golf Masters Championship: Gary Player wins, shooting a 280
1961 - Adolf Eichmann tried as a war criminal in Israel
1961 - Dutch foreign minister Luns talks to JFK about New Guinea
1961 - New Wash Senators loses 1st regular-season game 4-3 to White Sox
1962 - 1st baseball game at LA's Dodger Stadium, they lose 6-3 to Reds
1962 - 1st major league game in Houston, Colt .45s beat Chicago Cubs, 11-2
1962 - NY Yankee Mickey Mantle hits his 375th HR
1963 - Thresher, US atomic-powered submarine, sinks 220 miles east of Boston
1963 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1964 - Demolition begins on Polo Grounds to clear way for housing project
1964 - Iranian motor launch catches fire & sinks killing 113 (Persian Gulf)
1967 - 39th Academy Awards - "Man For All Seasons," E Taylor & P Scofield win
1968 - Ferry Wahine sinks in Wellington harbour, New Zealand on route from Lyttelton (51 killed)
1968 - "George M!" opens at Palace Theater NYC for 435 performances
1968 - 40th Academy Awards - "Heat of the Night," Rod Steiger & K Hepburn win
1968 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1971 - 1st baseball game at Phila's Veterans Stadium, Phils beat Expos 4-1
1971 - US table tennis team arrives in China PR
1972 - 7.0 earthquake kills 1/5 of population of Iranian province of Fars
1972 - US, USSR & 70 other nations agree to ban biological weapons
1972 - 20 days after he was kidnapped in Buenos Aires, Oberdan Sallustro is executed by communist guerrillas.
1973 - BEA flight to Basel Switz, crashes on landing, killing 104 of 143
1973 - KC opens its new park, Royals Stadium, with 12-1 rout of Rangers
1973 - Pakistan suspends constitution
1974 - American Boccaccio Association forms
1974 - Magicians Penn & Teller 1st meet
1974 - Yitzhak Rabin replaces resigning Israeli PM Golda Meir
1975 - Rangers score 8 goals against Islanders in playoffs
1976 - Brewers' Don Money's grand slammer disallowed-Yanks win 9-7
1976 - Cleveland Cavaliers win their 1st NBA Central Division title
1977 - 41st Golf Masters Championship: Tom Watson wins, shooting a 276
1977 - Beverly Klass wins LPGA Women's International Golf Satellite
1977 - Cleveland Indians set club record for longest, 9 inn game (3:17)
1978 - Formation of Major Indoor Soccer League announced
1979 - J R Richard throws major league record 6 wild pitches in Astrodome
1979 - Soyuz 33 launched with a Russian & a Bulgarian
1979 - Red River Valley Tornado Outbreak: A tornado lands in Wichita Falls, Texas killing 42 people.
1981 - "Caveman" with Ringo premieres
1981 - Computer glitch keeps Space Shuttle Columbia grounded
1981 - France performs nuclear test
1981 - Imprisoned IRA hunger striker Bobby Sands elected to Brit Parliament
1982 - LA Kings losing 5-0 to Edmonton in 3rd period, win in OT 6-5
1982 - Penguins 2-Isles 1 (OT)-Preliminary- Isles hold 2-1 lead
1983 - Baltimore's Eddie Murray hits his 1,000 career hit
1983 - Caps 3-Isles 6-Patrick Div Semifinals-Isles win series 3-2
1983 - Hennie Kuiper (Neth) wins Paris-Roubaix cycle race
1983 - Jordan king Hussein ceases negotiations with PLO
1983 - Nancy Lopez wins LPGA J&B Scotch Pro-Am Golf Tournament
1984 - Damaged Solar Max satellite snared by Challenger shuttle
1984 - John Long (Detroit) ends NBA free throw streak of 51 games
1984 - US Senate condemns CIA mining of Nicaraguan harbors
1985 - At 80 Leo Sites becomes oldest bowler to score a 300 game
1985 - Caps 4-Isles 3 (OT)-Patrick Div Semifinals-Caps hold 1-0 lead
1985 - Challenger moves to Vandenberg AFB for mating of STS 51-B mission
1986 - "Big Deal" opens at Broadway Theater NYC for 70 performances
1986 - Benazir Bhutto returns to Pakistan
1986 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1988 - 52nd Golf Masters Championship: Sandy Lyle wins, shooting a 281
1988 - 8th Golden Raspberry Awards: Leonard Part 6 wins
1988 - Ayako Okamoto wins LPGA San Diego Inamori Golf Classic
1988 - Herschel Walker performs Fort Worth Ballet
1988 - Islanders beat Devils 5-4 (OT) 1st round tied at 2-2
1989 - 10th Emmy Sports Award presentation
1989 - 24th Academy of Country Music Awards: Hank Williams Jr, Alabama
1989 - Intel corp announces shipment of 80-486 chip
1989 - H J Heinz, Van Camp Seafood & Bumble Bee Seafood say they would not buy tuna caught in nets that also trap dolphins
1990 - CUNY/Lehman College, Bronx, opens a branch campus in Hiroshma Japan
1990 - Curtly Ambrose takes 8-45 in cricket vs England at Bridgetown
1991 - Boat rams a tanker in Livorno Italy fog, killing about 138
1991 - LA King Wayne Gretzky scores NHL record 93rd playoff goal

 wayne_gretzky.jpg ( 11.28K ) Number of downloads: 0

NHL all-time top scorer Wayne Gretzky

1991 - Last automat (coin operated cafeteria) closes (3rd & 42nd St, NYC)
1991 - Martin Zubero swims world record 200m backstroke (1:52.51)
1991 - A rare tropical storm develops in the Southern Hemisphere near Angola; the first to be documented by satellites.
1992 - 25 die in a bus bombing in Sri Lanka
1992 - Floriade (Flower Show) opens at Hague Neth
1992 - NHL strike ends after 10 days
1993 - BPAA US Open by Del Ballard Jr
1993 - Ottawa Senators win 1st road game (Islanders) after 38 straight loses
1993 - Pittsburgh Penguins win their NHL record 17 game winning streak
1994 - "Les Miserables," opens at Hiten Theatre, Osaka
1994 - 58th Golf Masters Championship: Jose M Olazabal wins, shooting a 279
1995 - "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" opens at Lyceum Theater NYC for 24 perfs
1995 - NYC bans smoking in all restaurants that seat 35 or more
1998 - The Belfast Agreement is signed.
2006 - Hundreds of thousands protest H.R. 4437 (aka the "Sensenbrenner Bill") in the United States.
2010 - Polish Air Force Tu-154M crashes near Smolensk, Russia, killing all 96 people on board including President Lech Kaczyński.

[mmi16]

475 - Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.

In layman's terms?

[wingsovernc]

In layman's terms?

The Monophysite Christological position is pretty much the opposite of the
Chalcedonian Christological position, hope that clears it up for you .

Yep, being a Smart A_ _. I saw that answer on a forum on the subject and
just wanted to try it out .

Ok...there are so many controversies, explanations, definitions, and chaotic
history having to do with those two terms that I shiver to even attempt an
explanation but I will try to give an extremely broad view of them. Hoping
that I won't capture the attention of the many forums devoted to the
subject as they would surely throw me to the lions should they see my
feeble attempts here.

(Very, very) basically, the MC and the CC positions have to do with the
nature of Jesus Christ. MC holds that He has but one single nature....
the devine one. CC believes that Christ has 2 natures...the human and
the devine.

The arguments between the two sides were so vehement and long-lasting
that it ultimately led to the splitting of the Oriental and the Western
Orthodox churches but this is a simplification that wouldn't be tolerated
by any modern Theologian who would be aghast at what I've written. But it
IS a very basic explanation for an extremely complex subject.

I can say that the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches believe in
the Chalcedonian position.

[wingsovernc]

Historic events for April 11

491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
672 - Deusdedit III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
1079 - Bishop Stanislaus of Krakow is executed by order of Bolesław II of Poland.
1471 - King Edward IV of England conquers London from Henry VI
1512 - Battle at Ravenna: France under Gaston de Foix beat Spanish Army
1551 - English premier John Dudley appointed duke of Northumberland
1564 - England & France sign Peace of Troyes
1564 - Liege prince-bishop Robert van Bergen resigns
1567 - Dutch prince William of Orange flees from Antwerp to Breda
1579 - Venlo joins Union of Utrecht
1580 - Drenthe joins Union of Utrecht
1677 - Battle at Montcassel, French troops beat Prince William III
1689 - William III & Mary II crowned as joint rulers of Britain
1713 - Peace of Utrecht; France cedes Maritime provinces to Britain - English, Prussian, Savoois, Portuguese & French peace treaty
1775 - The last execution for witchcraft in Germany takes place.
1801 - Johann von Schiller's "Die Jungfrau von Orleans," premieres in Leipzig
1814 - 1st abdication of France by Napoleon; he is exiled to Elba
1828 - Foundation of Bahia Blanca.
1830 - Robert Schumann attends piano concerto by Paganini
1848 - Hungary becomes constitutional monarchy under king Ferdinand of Aust
1856 - Battle of Rivas; Costa Rica beats Wm Walker's invading Nicaraguans
1862 - Rebels surrender Ft Pulaski, Georgia-Rebels surrender
1863 - Battle of Suffolk, VA (Norfleet House)
1865 - Battle of Mobile, AL - evacuated by Confederates
1865 - Lincoln urges a spirit of generous conciliation during reconstruction
1868 - The Shogunate is abolished in Japan.
1876 - Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks organizes
1876 - Sir Charles Gordon ends religious tolerance in Sudan
1881 - River ferry "Princess Victoria" sinks in Thames River Ont, 180 die
1881 - Spelman College founded
1888 - The Concertgebouw in Amsterdam is inaugurated.
1890 - Ellis Island designated as an immigration station
1891 - 8 year old Jewish tailor's daughter disappears in Greece, rumor spreads that she was a Christian girl ritually killed by Jews
1895 - Anaheim completes it's new electric light system
1898 - President McKinley asks for Spanish-American War declaration
1899 - Treaty of Paris ratifies ends war; Spain cedes Puerto Rico to US
1900 - US Navy's 1st submarine made its debut
1902 - Battle at Rooiwal, South-Africa
1906 - Einstein introduces his Theory of Relativity
1907 - NY Giant Roger Bresnahan becomes 1st catcher to wear shin guards
1912 - Cornerstone of Technion in Haifa Palestine laid
1914 - George Bernard Shaw's "Pygmalion," premieres
1917 - Babe Ruth beats NY Yanks, pitching 3-hit 10-3 win for Red Sox

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Baseball Great Babe Ruth

1919 - The International Labour Organization is founded.
1921 - Iowa imposed 1st state cigarette tax
1921 - KDKA broadcast 1st radio sporting event, a boxing match (Ray-Dundee)
1921 - Turkestan ASSR forms in Russian SFSR
1921 - First sports broadcast on the radio takes place.
1921 - The Emirate of Transjordan is created.
1924 - 1st men's college swimming championships begin
1924 - Socialists win Denmark's parliamentary elections
1924 - WLS-AM in Chicago IL begins radio transmissions
1925 - Abd el-Krims Rifkabylen beats French army in Morocco
1926 - Flemish Economic Covenant (VEV) forms in Ghent
1927 - Chilean gen Carlos Ibáńez names himself president
1929 - KLO-AM in Ogden UT begins radio transmissions
1929 - Loetafoon celluloid film system demonstrated in Amsterdam
1933 - Hermann Goering becomes premier of Prussia
1936 - Rodgers & Hammerstein's musical "On Your Toes," premieres in NYC
1936 - Stanley Cup: Detroit Red Wings beat Toronto Maple Leafs, 3 games to 1
1939 - Hungary leaves League of Nations
1941 - Germany blitzes Conventry, England
1941 - Jewish Weekly newspaper taken control by Nazis
1941 - Nazi occupiers in Neth confiscate Jewish assets
1942 - Distinguished Service Medal for Merchant Marines authorized
1943 - Frank Piasecki, Vertol founder, flies his 1st (single-rotor) craft
1944 - RAF bombs census bureau in The Hague
1945 - Allied troops liberate Basket-Compascuum
1945 - SS burns & shoots 1,100 at Gardelegen
1945 - US captures Tsugen Shima
1945 - US soldiers liberate Nazi concentration camp "Buchenwald"
1945 - US troops conquers Mulheim, Oberhausen, Bochum, Unna, Essen
1947 - Jackie Robinson becomes 1st black in modern major-league baseball
1948 - 12th Golf Masters Championship: Claude Harmon wins, shooting a 279
1950 - Prince Rainier III becomes ruler of Monaco
1950 - US B-29 bomber shot down above Latvia
1951 - Pres Harry Truman fires Gen Douglas McArthur

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33rd US President Harry Truman

1952 - The Battle of Nanri island takes place.
1953 - Oveta Culp Hobby becomes 1st at Health, Education, & Welfare
1954 - Marlene Bauer wins LPGA New Orleans Golf Open
1955 - Sobers starts run of 85 Test Cricket appearances for WI uninterrupted
1955 - The Air India Kashmir Princess is bombed and crashes in a failed assassination attempt on Zhou Enlai by the Kuomintang.
1956 - French government decides to sends 200,000 reservists to Algeria
1956 - Singer Nat Cole attacked on stage of Birmingham theater by whites
1957 - Pablo Neruda arrested in Buenos Aires
1957 - Ryan X-13 Vertijet becomes 1st jet to take-off & land vertically
1957 - Britain agrees to Singaporean self-rule.
1958 - Brooks Hall in Civic Center dedicated (SF)
1959 - "Jamaica" closes at Imperial Theater NYC after 558 performances
1959 - Dodger pitcher Don Drysdale hits his 2nd Opening Day HR
1959 - Dutch prince Bernhard visits Lockheed factory
1961 - Bob Dylan makes his 1st appearance at Folk City, Greenwich Village

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Singer-Songwriter Bob Dylan

1961 - 15th NBA Championship: Bos Celtics beat St Louis Hawks, 4 games to 1
1961 - Adolf Eichmann trial begins in Israel
1961 - Austrian 4th & last government of Raab resigns
1961 - Israel begins Adolf Eichmann WW II crimes trial
1962 - New York Mets make a losing debut
1963 - John XXIII encyclical On peace in truth, justice, charity & liberty
1963 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1963 - Warren Spahn beats Mets 6-1 for his 328th win (most by a lefty)
1964 - "Anyone Can Whistle" closes at Majestic Theater NYC after 9 perfs
1965 - 29th Golf Masters Championship: Jack Nicklaus wins, shooting a 271

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Golfer Jack Nicklaus

1965 - 40 tornadoes strike US midwest killing 272 & injuring 5,000
1966 - 30th Golf Masters Championship: Jack Nicklaus wins, shooting a 288
1966 - Emmett Ashford becomes 1st black major league umpire
1967 - "Illya Darling" opens at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC for 320 perfs
1967 - Harlem (NYC) voters defy Congress & reelect Adam Clayton Powell Jr
1967 - Tom Stoppard's "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead," premieres

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Playwright Tom Stoppard

1968 - Polish Marshal Spychalski succeeds Ochab as president
1968 - Pres Johnson signs 1968 Civil Rights Act
1968 - W Berlin student Rudi Dutschke seriously wounded at demonstration
1968 - WHED TV channel 15 in Hanover, NH (PBS) begins broadcasting
1969 - South African president Frederik de Klerk marries Marike Willemse
1970 - Apollo 13 launched to Moon; unable to land, returns in 6 days
1970 - Beatles' "Let It Be," single goes #1 & stays #1 for 2 weeks
1970 - SF beats Cincinnati 2-1, only day Reds aren't in 1st place in 1970
1971 - "Johnny Johnson" opens/closes at Edison Theater NYC for 1 performance
1971 - 35th Golf Masters Championship: Charles Coody wins, shooting a 279
1971 - WBFF TV channel 45 in Baltimore, MD (IND) begins broadcasting
1972 - Benjamin L Hooks, named to FCC
1972 - USSR performs underground nuclear test
1974 - WW II war criminal JP Philippa arrested
1975 - Hank Aaron returns as a Milwaukee player (Brewer)
1975 - JP Parise 11 sec OT goal-Isles 1st playoff advance eliminates Rangers
1976 - 40th Golf Masters Championship: Ray Floyd wins, shooting a 271
1976 - The Apple I is created.
1977 - Ireland sets fishing zone at 50 mile
1979 - Ugandan dictator Idi Amin overthrown; Tanzania takes Kampala
1980 - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission regulates sexual harassment
1980 - Paul McCartney releases "Coming Up"
1981 - Larry Holmes beats Trevor Holmes in 15 for heavyweight boxing title
1981 - Race riot in London area of Brixton
1981 - Ronald Reagan arrives home from hospital after Hinkley shot him

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US President & Actor Ronald Reagan

1981 - Valerie Bertinelli marries Eddie Van Halen
1982 - 46th Golf Masters Championship: Craig Stadler wins, shooting a 284
1982 - Penguins 5-Isles 2-Preliminary-Series tied at 2-2
1983 - 3rd Golden Raspberry Awards: Inchon! wins
1983 - 47th Golf Masters Championship: Seve Ballesteros wins, shooting a 280
1983 - 55th Academy Awards - "Gandhi," Ben Kingsley & Meryl Streep win

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Actress Meryl Streep

1983 - NASA launches RCA-F
1984 - Challenger astronauts complete 1st in space satellite repair
1984 - Chinese troops invade Vietnam
1984 - Gen Sec Konstantin U Chernenko named pres of Soviet Union
1984 - Soyuz T-11 returns to Earth
1984 - USSR party leader Chernenko elected president
1985 - Caps 2-Isles 1 (OT)-Patrick Div Semifinals- Caps hold 2-0 lead
1986 - A Canadain 1921 50 cent piece auctioned in NYC for $22,000
1986 - Dodge Morgan sailed solo nonstop around world in 150 days
1986 - Halley's Comet makes closest approach to Earth this trip, 63 M km
1986 - KXA-AM in Seattle WA changes call letters to KRPM
1987 - Yankees score 12 runs in 7th inning vs KC Royals
1987 - Zoja Ivanova wins 2nd female World Cup marathon (2:30:39)
1988 - Royal Concert building in Amsterdam reopens
1989 - 1st playoff goal scored by a goalie, Ron Hextall of Phila
1989 - Flyers, scores short-handed into an empty net beating Caps 8-5
1990 - Angels Mark Langston & Mike Witt, no-hit Seattle, 1-0
1990 - NY Lotto pays $35 million to two winner (#s are 6-14-24-32-34-51)
1990 - NY Rangers beat NY Islanders 6-1, Rangers lead 3-1 in preliminary
1990 - Customs officers in Middlesbrough, United Kingdom, say they have seized what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.
1991 - "Miss Saigon," opens at Broadway Theater NYC
1991 - NYC's Museum of Broadcasting becomes "Museum of Radio & Television"
1991 - Space Shuttle STS 37 (Atlantis 8) lands
1991 - UN Security Council issues formal cease fire with Iraq declaration
1992 - BPAA US Open by Robert Lawrence
1992 - Country singer Lee Greenwood weds Miss Tennessee 1989 (Kimberly Payne)
1992 - Euro-Disney opens near Paris
1992 - Indians set team record for long game loss to Red Sox (19 inn - 6˝ hr)
1992 - Irish Republican Army bombs London financial district, killing 3
1993 - 57th Golf Masters Championship: Bernhard Langer wins, shooting a 277
1993 - Jeff Rouse swims world record 100m backstroke (51.43 sec)
1993 - Kirsan Ilumzjinov installed as president of Kalmukkie
1993 - 450 prisoners rioted at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, and continued to do so for ten days, citing grievances related to prison conditions, as well as the forced vaccination of Nation of Islam prisoners (for tuberculosis) against their religious beliefs. It was Easter Sunday.
1996 - "King & I," premieres at Neil Simon Theater in NYC for 781 perform
1996 - Detroit Red Wings become 2nd NHL team to win 60 games in a season
2000 - AT&T Park in San Francisco, Minute Maid Park in Houston, and Comerica Park in Detroit open.
2001 - The detained crew of a United States EP-3E aircraft that landed in Hainan, People's Republic of China after a collision with an J-8 fighter is released.
2002 - The Ghriba synagogue bombing by Al Qaeda kills 21 in Tunisia.
2002 - An attempted coup d'état in Venezuela against President Hugo Chávez takes place.
2006 - Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces that Iran has successfully enriched uranium.
2007 - 2007 Algiers bombings: Two bombings in the Algerian capital of Algiers, kills 33 people and wounds a further 222 others.
2011 - Minsk Metro bombing

[wingsovernc]

Historic events on April 12

467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
1065 - Pilgrims under bishop Gunther of Bamberg reach Jerusalem
1111 - Pope Paschalis II crowns Henry V, Roman emperor
1204 - 4th Crusade occupies & plunders Constantinople
1229 - Queen Blanche of Castile & earl Raymond VII van Toulouse sign peace
1385 - John without Fear marries Margaretha of Brabant
1385 - Willem van Oostervant weds Philip the Stouts daughter Margaretha (10)
1545 - French king Francois I orders protestants of Vaudois to be killed

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King Francis 1 of France

1557 - Cuenca is founded in Ecuador.
1583 - William of Orange marries Louise de Coligny
1606 - England adopts Union Jack as its flag
1648 - University of Harderwijk Neth solemn opens
1654 - Ordinance of Union between England and Scotland passed by the Council of State
1709 - 1st edition of Tattler magazine in England
1713 - Dutch State-Gen signs peace with France: Neth loses Orange Princedom
1770 - Townsend Acts repealed
1776 - Halifax resolution for independence adopted by North Carolina
1782 - Battle at Les Saintes West-Indies: British fleet beats French
1787 - Philadelphia's Free African Society forms
1811 - 1st US colonists on Pacific coast arrive at Cape Disappointment, WA
1820 - Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
1826 - Weber's opera "Oberon," premieres in London
1844 - Texan envoys sign Treaty of Annexation with the United States
1857 - Gustave Flaubert's "Madame Bovary" published
1858 - 1st US billiards championship (Michael J Phelan wins in Detroit)
1859 - Hibernia Savings & Loan Society of SF incorporates
1861 - Fort Sumter, SC is shelled by Confederacy, starting Civil War
1862 - James Andrews steals Confederate train (General) at Kennesaw, GA
1862 - Union troops occupy Fort Pulaski Georgia
1863 - -14] Gunboat battle at Bayou Teche Louisiana
1864 - Battle of Blair's Landing LA
1864 - Confederate Gen Nathan Bedford Forrest captures Fort Pillow, Tn
1869 - North Carolina legislature passes anti-Klan Law
1872 - Jesse James gang robs bank in Columbia, Kentucky (1 dead/$1,500)
1877 - British annex Transvaal, in South Africa
1877 - Catcher's mask 1st used in a baseball game
1877 - The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
1883 - French troops under lt-colonel Borgnis-Desbordes occupy Bamako Senegal
1887 - Henrik Ibsen's "Rosmersholm," premieres in Oslo
1892 - George C Blickensderfer patents portable typewriter
1893 - Battle at Hoornkrans Southwest-Africa: German Schutztruppen chases away Hottentotten under Hendrik Witbooi
1894 - British & Belgian secret accord on dividing Central-Africa
1896 - Stamasia Portrisi is 1st woman to win a marathon (5:30 in Athens)
1898 - Army transfers Yerba Buena Island in SF Bay to Navy
1905 - French Dufaux brothers test helicopter
1905 - Hippodrome arena opens (NYC)
1907 - Belgium government of De Stain de Naeyer, resigns
1908 - Fire makes 17,000 homeless in Chelsea Massachusetts
1909 - Philadelphia's Shibe Park (later Connie Mack Stadium) opens
1911 - 1st non-stop London-Paris flight (Pierre Prier in 3h56m)
1917 - Bijou Theater opens at 222 W 45th St NYC (Demolished 1982)
1917 - Domenico Scarlatti & Jeab Cocteaus ballet premieres in Rome
1919 - British Parliament passes a 48-hour work week with minimum wages
1926 - Dutch Catholic Radio Broadcast (KRO) forms
1927 - Gen Chiang Kai-shek begins counter revolution in Shanghai
1928 - Assassination attempt on king Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
1930 - 4th Test Cricket WI v England ends in a draw after nine days
1930 - Wilfred Rhodes ends Test Cricket career aged 52 years 165 days
1931 - Joe McCarthy debuts as NY Yankee manager
1931 - Spanish voters reject the monarchy
1932 - Emmanuel Chabriers & Balanchines ballet premieres in Monte Carlo
1933 - Moffatt Field commissioned
1934 - Highest velocity wind ever recorded on Mt Washington, NH, 231 mph
1934 - The US Auto-Lite Strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.
1935 - "Your Hit Parade," debuts on radio
1935 - Germany prohibits publishing "not-Arian" writers
1935 - Royal Proclamation sets design of Canada's new Jubilee Silver Dollar
1935 - First flight of the Bristol Blenheim.
1937 - Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft at Rugby, England.
1938 - 1st US law requiring medical tests for marriage licenses (NY)
1938 - Stanley Cup: Chicago Blackhawks beat Toronto Maple Leafs, 3 games to 1
1938 - US began requiring medical tests for marriage licenses
1940 - Italy annexes Albania
1940 - NFL cuts clipping penalty from 25 yards to 15 yards
1941 - Stanley Cup: Boston Bruins sweep Detroit Red Wings in 4 games
1941 - Vichy-France's head of government Admiral Dalarn consults with Hitler
1942 - 9th Golf Masters Championship: Byron Nelson wins, shooting a 280
1942 - Japan kills about 400 Filipino officers in Bataan
1943 - Allies conquer Soussa, North-Africa
1943 - Dutch Catholic University Nijmegen closed
1944 - Lillian Hellman's "Searching Wind," premieres in NYC
1945 - Canadian troops liberate Nazi concentration camp Westerbork, Neth
1945 - Harry Truman sworn in as 33rd pres

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33rd US President Harry Truman

1945 - Richard Strauss completes his "Metamorphosis"
1945 - US liberates Buchenwald concentration camp
1946 - Syria gains independence from France
1951 - Israeli Knesset officially designated April 13 as Holocaust Day
1952 - Betsy Rawls wins LPGA Houston Weathervane Golf Tournament
1952 - Salaheddine Baccouche forms Tunisian government
1953 - 17th Golf Masters Championship: Ben Hogan wins, shooting a 274
1953 - KFDX TV channel 3 in Wichita Falls, TX (NBC) begins broadcasting
1953 - Keizo Yamada runs fastest marathon to date, at Boston
1954 - 18th Golf Masters Championship: Sam Snead wins, shooting a 289
1954 - 8th NBA Championship: Min Lakers beat Syracuse Nationals, 4 games to 3
1954 - Belgian Van Houtte government resigns
1954 - Bill Haley & Comets records "Rock Around Clock"
1954 - Joe Turner releases "Shake, Rattle & Roll"
1955 - 1st game in KC, KC A's beat Detroit Tigers, 6-2
1955 - Salk polio vaccine safe & effective; 4 billion dimes marched
1956 - Bandaranaike government forms in Ceylon
1957 - Jim Spalding set a 2088 pin nine-game bowling record
1957 - USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test
1958 - 12th NBA Championship: St Louis Hawks beat Bost Celtics, 4 games to 2
1958 - Flemish Open air museum opens in Bokrijk
1959 - 13th Tony Awards: J B & Redhead win
1959 - Betsy Rawls wins LPGA Babe Didrikson-Zaharias Golf Open
1959 - France Observator reports torture practice by French army in Algeria
1960 - Bert Haanstra wins Oscar for "Glass"
1960 - Bill Veeck & Chicago Comiskey Park debuts "Exploding Scoreboard"
1961 - 3rd Grammy Awards: Theme From a Summer Place, Ray Charles wins 4
1961 - Douglas MacArthur declines offer to become baseball commissioner

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WW2 General Douglas MacArthur

1961 - Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin becomes 1st person to orbit Earth (Vostok 1)
1962 - San Mateo County withdraws from BART district (SF Bay area)
1963 - Beatles "From Me to You" is released in UK
1963 - Birmingham police use dogs & cattle prods on peaceful demonstrators
1964 - 28th Golf Masters Championship: Arnold Palmer wins, shooting a 276
1964 - Sandra Haynie wins LPGA Baton Rouge Ladies' Golf Open Invitational
1965 - 1st NL game at Houston's Astrodome (Phillies beat Astros 2-0)
1966 - 1st B-52 bombing on North Vietnam
1966 - Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium opens; Pirates beat Braves 3-2
1966 - Rocker Jan Berry crashes his corvette into a parked truck
1968 - Nerve gas accident at Skull Valley, Utah.
1969 - Simon & Garfunkel releases "Boxer"
1970 - Yankees dedicate plaques to Mickey Mantle & Joe DiMaggio
1973 - France recognizes North Vietnam
1973 - Sudan adopts constitution
1973 - Swaziland suspends constitution
1975 - Linda Ronstadt releases "When Will I Be Loved"
1976 - India set 403 to win by WI They get them, 6 wkts 7 overs spare
1979 - Soyuz 33 returns to Earth
1980 - BCMA, Black Consciousness Movement of Azania, forms
1980 - Milwaukee beats Boston Red Sox, 18-1 (Cooper & Money hit grand slams)
1980 - Samuel Doe takes control of Liberia in a coup d'etat, ending over 130 years of national democratic presidential succession.
1980 - Terry Fox begins his "Marathon of Hope" at St. John's, Newfoundland.
1981 - 45th Golf Masters Championship: Tom Watson wins, shooting a 280
1981 - Donna Caponi Young wins LPGA American Defender/WRAL Golf Classic
1981 - Emmy News & Documentaries Award presentation
1981 - Maiden voyage Space Transit System-space shuttle Columbia launched
1982 - 3 CBS employees shot to death in NYC parking lot
1983 - Harold Washington elected Chicago's 1st black mayor
1983 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1985 - 16th Shuttle Mission (51D)-Discovery 4 launched-with Senator Jake Garn
1985 - US Olympic Committee endorses a boycott of Moscow games
1986 - 20,000 mine workers protest closing of Hasselt Belgium mines
1987 - 51st Golf Masters Championship: Larry Mize wins, shooting a 285
1987 - Ahmed Salah wins 2nd World Cup marathon (2:10:55)
1987 - Ayako Okamoto wins LPGA Kyocera Inamori Golf Classic
1987 - Texaco files for bankruptcy
1988 - Devils 4-2 over Islanders-Devils lead 3-2 in 1st round
1988 - Frank Robinson replaces Cal Ripkin as manager of Balt Orioles
1988 - Harvard U patents genetically engineered mouse (1st for animal life)
1988 - Sonny Bono elected mayor of Palm Springs Calif
1989 - 3rd Soul Train Music Awards: Anita Baker
1989 - Peter Ueberroth deal to purchase Eastern Airlines falls through
1990 - Greyhound Bus hires new drivers to replace strikers
1990 - James Brown moves to a work-release center after serving 15 months
1990 - 1st meeting of East German democratically elected parliament, acknowledges responsibility for Nazi holocaust & asks for forgivenesss
1991 - 2,500th episode of Entertainment Tonight airs
1991 - Nepalese Congress party wins general elections
1991 - US announces closing of 31 major US military bases
1992 - "Streetcar Named Desire" opens at Ethel Barrymore NYC for 137 perfs
1992 - 2nd lowest NBA scoring game - Detroit Piston 72, NY Knicks 61
1992 - 53rd PGA Seniors Golf Championship: Lee Trevino
1992 - 56th Golf Masters Championship: Fred Couples wins, shooting a 275
1992 - Actress Lisa Bonet files for divorce from singer Lenny Kravitz

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Musician Lenny Kravitz

1992 - Earthquake rocks Germany
1992 - Euro Disney opens in Marne-la-Vallee France
1992 - Lynn Gunther of California threatens to blow herself up in front of UN
1992 - Matt Young no-hits Cleveland, but loses 2-1
1992 - NY Mets lose 1st 3 home games for 1st time since 1962
1992 - Trump Shuttle becomes US Air Shuttle
1994 - Canter & Siegel post the first commercial mass Usenet spam.
1998 - 62nd Golf Masters Championship:
1998 - An earthquake in Slovenia, measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale occurs near the town of Bovec.
1999 - US President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a sexual harassment civil lawsuit.
2002 - Pedro Carmona becomes interim President of Venezuela during the military coup against Hugo Chávez.
2002 - Palestinian suicide bomber (female) kills 7 and injures 104 (among them 9 Arabs) at the Mahane Yehuda Market in Jerusalem.
2009 - U.S. Navy rescues captain Richard Phillips, killing three pirates and capturing a fourth.
2009 - President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian National Authority makes a courtesy phone call to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, restarting the Palestinian-Israeli dialogue
2010 - A train derailed near Merano, Italy, after running into a landslide, causing nine deaths and injuring 28 people.